Refrigeration shine tsarin samar da yanayin sanyaya ta hanyar cire zafi.Ana amfani da shi galibi don adana abinci da sauran abubuwa masu lalacewa, da hana cututtukan da ke haifar da abinci.Yana aiki saboda ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna raguwa a ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Hanyoyin adana abinci ta hanyar sanyaya sun kasance shekaru dubbai, amma firji na zamani sabon ƙirƙira ne.A yau, buƙatun firiji da kwandishan suna wakiltar kusan kashi 20 na makamashin da ake amfani da su a duk duniya, bisa ga labarin 2015 a cikin Jarida ta Duniya na Refrigeration.
Tarihi
Sinawa sun yanke tare da adana kankara a shekara ta 1000 BC, kuma bayan shekaru 500, Masarawa da Indiyawa sun koyi barin tukwane a cikin dare a lokacin sanyi don yin kankara, a cewar Keep It Cool, wani kamfanin dumama da sanyaya da ke Lake Park, Florida.Sauran wayewa, irin su Girkawa, Romawa da Ibraniyawa, sun adana dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ramuka kuma suna rufe su da kayan kariya iri-iri, a cewar mujallar Tarihi.A wurare daban-daban a Turai a cikin karni na 17, an gano gishirin gishiri a cikin ruwa don haifar da yanayi mai sanyaya kuma an yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar ƙanƙara.A karni na 18, Turawa suna tattara kankara a lokacin sanyi, suna sanya shi gishiri, suna nannade shi da flannel, kuma suna adana shi a karkashin kasa inda ya ajiye tsawon watanni.An yi jigilar kankara zuwa wasu wurare a duniya, a cewar wani labarin 2004 a cikin Jaridar Humasa, sanyaya, da injiniyoyin iska (Ashrae).
Haɓakar sanyi
Manufar injin sanyaya injin ya fara ne lokacin da William Cullen, wani likitan Scotland, ya lura cewa evaporation yana da tasirin sanyaya a cikin 1720s.Ya nuna ra'ayinsa a cikin 1748 ta hanyar kwashe ethyl ether a cikin sarari, a cewar Peak Mechanical Partnership, wani kamfani mai aikin famfo da dumama da ke Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Oliver Evans, wani Ba’amurke mai ƙirƙira, ya ƙirƙira amma bai gina injin firji da ke amfani da tururi maimakon ruwa ba a shekara ta 1805. A shekara ta 1820, masanin kimiyya ɗan ƙasar Ingila Michael Faraday ya yi amfani da ammonia mai ruwa don sanya sanyi.Yakubu Perkins, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Evans, ya sami takardar izini don sake zagayowar tururi ta amfani da ammonia mai ruwa a 1835, bisa ga Tarihin Refrigeration.Don haka, wani lokaci ana kiransa “mahaifin firij.” John Gorrie, wani likitan Amurka, shi ma ya kera na’ura mai kama da na’urar Evans a shekara ta 1842. Gorrie ya yi amfani da firjinsa, wanda ya haifar da kankara, don kwantar da marasa lafiya da zazzabin rawaya. a wani asibitin Florida.Gorrie ya sami lasisin Amurka na farko don hanyarsa ta ƙirƙirar kankara a 1851.
Sauran masu ƙirƙira a duk faɗin duniya sun ci gaba da haɓaka sababbi da haɓaka dabarun da ake da su don firji, a cewar Peak Mechanical, gami da:
Ferdinand Carré, injiniyan Faransanci, ya ƙera wani firiji wanda ya yi amfani da cakuda da ke ɗauke da ammonia da ruwa a shekara ta 1859.
Carl von Linde, masanin kimiyyar Jamus, ya ƙirƙira na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto ta amfani da methyl ether a 1873, kuma a cikin 1876 ya canza zuwa ammonia.A cikin 1894, Linde kuma ya ƙirƙiri sababbin hanyoyin shayar da iska mai yawa.
1899, Albert T. Marshall, wani Ba'amurke mai ƙirƙira, ya ba da izinin firji na farko na inji.
Shahararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi Albert Einstein ya ba da izinin yin firji a shekara ta 1930 tare da ra'ayin ƙirƙirar firji mai dacewa da muhalli ba tare da motsi ba kuma bai dogara da wutar lantarki ba.
Shahararriyar firji na kasuwanci ya karu a ƙarshen karni na 19 saboda masana'antar, a cewar Peak Mechanical, inda aka sanya firji na farko a wani kantin sayar da giya a Brooklyn, New York, a cikin 1870. A ƙarshen ƙarni, kusan dukkanin masana'anta. yana da firiji.
Masana'antar sarrafa nama ta biyo baya tare da firji na farko da aka gabatar a Chicago a cikin 1900, a cewar mujallar Tarihi, kuma kusan shekaru 15 bayan haka, kusan dukkanin shuke-shuken nama sun yi amfani da nama. yana da firiji.
A yau, kusan dukkanin gidaje a Amurka - kashi 99 cikin 100 - suna da aƙalla firji ɗaya, kuma kusan kashi 26 na gidajen Amurka suna da fiye da ɗaya, bisa ga rahoton 2009 na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-04-2022